I actually figured it out! I accidentally made colors into patterns instead of color swatches and then drew with the patterned colors, and apparently Illustrator doesn't allow you to make patterns out of objects painted with patterns. LOL OOPS. Thank you anyway!
ETA: I was able to fix the problem by recoloring it in with the proper color swatches this time. I colored it in originally with the live paint bucket tool using pattern swatches. Never making that mistake again!